Question

Explain Calvin cycle with diagram.

Answer 1

The Calvin cycle has four main steps: carbon fixation, reduction phase, carbohydrate formation, and regeneration phase. Energy to fuel chemical reactions in this sugar-generating process is provided by ATP and NADPH, chemical compounds which contain the energy plants have captured from sunlight.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Calvin cycle or dark reaction can be divided mainly into three stages:

Carbon fixation: It is the first step of the Calvin cycle in which one molecule of carbon dioxide combines with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP, a five-carbon compound) to form a six carbon molecule. It then splits into two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA) which is a three-carbon compound. This stage is catalyzed by RuBisCO.

Reduction: In this stage, NADPH and ATP are consumed to convert 3-PGA into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).

Regeneration: In this stage, few G3P molecules exit the cycle to produce glucose while others are used in order to regenerate acceptor molecule RuBP.  

The exit of one molecule of G3P from the cycle requires the entry of three molecules of carbon dioxide in the cycle.

It results in the formation of six molecules of G3P out of which one is used to synthesize glucose while other five are used to regenerate three molecules of RuBP.