Question

explain causes of soil erosion in pointwise
please answer the question to be brainlest

Answer 1

Soil Erosion:

Soil erosion may be defined as the detachment and transportation of soil by agents of denudation like weathering, running water, wind etc. It happens when particles of soil come loose and are carried away by water or the wind. When it rains so much that the water cannot seep into the soil fast enough, the extra water flows down the slope, carrying soil particles with it.

The erosion problem is likely to be more severe on certain types of soils, on steep slopes, where there is intense rainfall, and where the vegetation is removed
 It disturbs the agricultural pattern and should be prevented.

 

Erosion caused by Running Water :

a)       Splash Erosion: Splash erosion or rain drop impact represents the first stage in the erosion process. Splash erosion results from the bombardment of the soil surface by rain drops. Rain drops behave as little bombs when falling on exposed or bare soil, displacing soil particles and destroying soil structure. Splash erosion results in the formation of surface crusts which reduce infiltration resulting in the start of runoff.

b)      Sheet Erosion: Sheet erosion occurs when thin layers of the topsoil are moved by the force of the runoff water, leaving the surface uniformly eroded. Slopes of the Himalayas and the Chotanagpur plateau undergo sheet erosion.

c)       Rill Erosion: Caused by runoff water when it creates small, linear depressions in the soil surface. These are easily removed during land tillage

d)      Gully Erosion: Unlike rill erosion, gullies are too deep to be removed during normal cultivation with ordinary farm implements. They are formed from small depressions, which concentrate water and enlarge until several join to form a channel. The deepening channel undermines the head wall, which retreats upslope. The gully then widens as the side-walls are worn back. In agriculture, leaching may refer to the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation. Gully erosion is common along the Chambal and Yamuna rivers in the ravine tracts.

Sea or Shore erosion
 Tidal waters of sea cause considerable damage to the soil along the sea coast.
 Powerful waves dash against sea-coast and break hanging cliff rocks.
 Broken material is then removed by the retreating sea waves.
This type of erosion is seen throughout the eastern and western coasts of India

Erosion by Wind:
Soil erosion by wind on extensive flat lands which are subject to windy dry season for part of the year.
The upper soil surface becomes loose and susceptible to wind erosion due to lack of moisture. It occurs when soil devoid of vegetation is exposed to high velocity wind.
Wind moves soil particles 0.1 – 0.5 mm in size in bouncing or hopping fashion and those greater than 0.5 by rolling. The former is known as saltation and the latter as soil creep. The particles less than 0.1mm or the fines particles detach into suspension.

 

CAUSES OF SOIL EROSION IN INDIA
1)Heavy population pressure on land: - forest cover as low as 20.55% of total area – population continues to rise at a rapid rate – more forests are destroyed – heavy pressure on land.
2)Nature of Rainfall:- receives 80 to 90 per cent of rainfall in the monsoon season. – heavy downpour during during monsoon months causes floods. - remaining months – droughts – these affect soils
3)Overgrazing – number of domestic animals, esp cattle highest in world – cattle freely graze in open lands making them bare of vegetation-winds carry away dry soil particles - Rajasthan
4). Bad farming techniques – plough fields in traditional ways – small size of holdings, absence of terracing, contour cultivation, crop rotation, improper use of manure have caused erosion
5) Topography – North –Eastern parts of India, Shiwaliks and the hilly regions in south India are affected by soil erosion because of steep slopes and heavy rainfall. During heavy rainfall, soils are washed away by running water down the slope.
6) Deforestation: destruction of forests for cultivation – cutting of trees exposes the soil to water and wind which leads to soil erosion

Answer 2

┏─━─━─━─━∞◆∞━─━─━─━─┓
✭✮ӇЄƦЄ ƖƧ ƳƠƲƦ ƛƝƧƜЄƦ✮✭
┗─━─━─━─━∞◆∞━─━─━─━─┛

Soil Erosion➫ The removal of top layer of the soil by the action of wind & rainfall is called soil erosion.

♦ This is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms.

❱ This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents like:-

♦ Water
♦ Ice
♦ Snow
♦ Air
♦ Plants
♦ Animals
♦ Humans

➧ Types of Erosion are:-
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=⤵

[1] Splash Erosion:-

❱ The first stage in the Erosion process.
Splash Erosion results from the bombardment of the soil surface by rain drops.

[2] Sheet Erosion:-

❱ The uniform removal of soil in thin layers by the forces of raindrops & overland flow.

[3] Rill Erosion:-

❱ The removal of soil by concentrated water running through little streamlet.

[4] Gully Erosion:-

❱ The removal of soil along drainage lines by surface water runoff.

➧ Causes 0f Soil Erosion are:-
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=⤵

❱ Water

❱ Winds

❱ Glacier

❱ 0ver Grazing

❱ Human Activities

➧ Factors that cause Soil Erosion are:-
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=⤵

❱ Rainfall

❱ Topography

❱ 0vergrazing

❱ Deforestation

❱ Human Activities

❱ Presence of 0rganic Materials in Soil

➧ Measures to Prevent Soil Erosion are:-
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=⤵

❱ Strip Farming

❱ Soil Rotation

❱ Soil Stabilisation

❱ Terrace Farming

❱ Vegetation Cover

❱ Controlled 0ver-Grazing

➧ Effects 0f Soil Erosion are:-
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=⤵

❱ Landslides

❱ Flash Floods

❱ Desertification

❱ Loss of soil fertility

❱ Silting of Rivers & Lakes

_________
Thanks...✊