Question

explain circulation of blood and differ between arteries and viens​

Answer 1

Circulation of blood:-

The heart is the main muscular organ that constantly supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and all parts of the body and also sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The blood circulation in the heart is as follows:-

1. The superior and inferior vena cava brings the deoxygenated blood from all the parts of the body to the right atrium.
3. The atrium contract and the blood flows from the atrium to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve which regulates the flow of blood.
5. The ventricles contract and the blood through the pulmonic valve reach the pulmonary artery which carries blood to the lung for oxygenation.
7. Then the oxygen-rich blood is brought back to the heart by the pulmonary vein to the left atrium.
9. The left atrium contracts and the blood from the atrium move to the left ventricle through the mitral valve which prevents the backflow of the blood.
11. Further ventricles contract and the oxygenated blood is moved away from the heart through the aorta and arteries to all parts of the body. Aorta is guarded by an aortic valve.

The diagram in the attachment shows the blood flow through the heart.

Differences between Arteries and veins:-

Arteries:-

• These carry blood from the heart to various parts of the body.
• These carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary artery).
• Here blood flows at high speed under high pressure.
• Red in color.
• Valves are absent.

Veins:-

• These carry blood from different parts of the body to the heart.
• These carry deoxygenated blood (except the pulmonary vein).
• Whereas, here blood flows at low speed under low pressure.
• Blue in color.
• Valves are present.

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Answer 2

Answer:

★ Explain complete circulation of blood -

• In Short -

Blood comes into the right atrium from the body, moves into the right ventricle and is pushed into the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. After picking up oxygen, the blood travels back to the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, to the left ventricle and out to the body's tissues through the aorta.

• In Long -

The blood circulatory system (cardiovascular system) delivers nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body. It consists of the heart and the blood vessels running through the entire body. The arteries carry blood away from the heart; the veins carry it back to the heart. The system of blood vessels resembles a tree: The “trunk” – the main artery (aorta) – branches into large arteries, which lead to smaller and smaller vessels. The smallest arteries end in a network of tiny vessels known as the capillary network.

There isn't only one blood circulatory system in the human body, but two, which are connected: The systemic circulation provides organs, tissues and cells with blood so that they get oxygen and other vital substances. The pulmonary circulation is where the fresh oxygen we breathe in enters the blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide is released from the blood

Blood circulation starts when the heart relaxes between two heartbeats: The blood flows from both atria (the upper two chambers of the heart) into the ventricles (the lower two chambers), which then expand. The following phase is called the ejection period, which is when both ventricles pump the blood into the large arteries.

In the systemic circulation, the left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood into the main artery (aorta). The blood travels from the main artery to larger and smaller arteries and into the capillary network. There the blood drops off oxygen, nutrients and other important substances and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products. The blood, which is now low in oxygen, is collected in veins and travels to the right atrium and into the right ventricle.

This is where pulmonary circulation begins: The right ventricle pumps low-oxygen blood into the pulmonary artery, which branches off into smaller and smaller arteries and capillaries. The capillaries form a fine network around the pulmonary vesicles (grape-like air sacs at the end of the airways). This is where carbon dioxide is released from the blood into the air inside the pulmonary vesicles, and fresh oxygen enters the bloodstream. When we breathe out, carbon dioxide leaves our body. Oxygen-rich blood travels through the pulmonary veins and the left atrium into the left ventricle. The next heartbeat starts a new cycle of systemic circulation.

★ Difference between Arteries and Veins -

• Arteries -

The arteries are the blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. Each artery is a muscular tube lined by smooth tissue and has three layers: The intima, the inner layer lined by a smooth tissue called endothelium.

• Veins -

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. In contrast to veins, arteries carry blood away from the heart.