Question

explain classification of organic compound based on carbon skeleton ​

Answer 1

Answer:

Carbon skeletons are the backbones of organic molecules. They are composed of carbon-carbon atoms that form chains to make an organic compound. Length, shape, location, and amount of double bonds are characteristics of carbon skeletons. Branched, straight chain, or rings are common types of skeletons.

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Answer 2

Classification of an organic compound based on carbon skeleton :

Carbon skeleton:

• They are the carbon-carbon atom bonding that makes a linkage to form an organic compound.
• Carbon skeletons are said to be the backbone of any organic compound.
• They can be classified into three basic categories based on their structure:

1. Chain carbon skeleton: Organic compounds with chain carbon skeleton has straight carbon-carbon atom linkage. For example, C2H6 has chain carbon linkage as HCH2CH2H
2. Ring carbon skeleton: organic compounds with ring carbon-carbon bonding has a closed structure. For example, the ring structure of benzene.
3. Branched carbon skeleton: They have a chain carbon-carbon bonding in which any carbon atom is furthermore divided into carbon skeletons.

Based on this carbon skeleton structure organic compounds are divided into two major types:

1. Acyclic or Open Chain compounds
2. Cyclic or Closed Chain compounds

∆. Acyclic or Open Chain compounds are classified into two types:

• Straight chain compounds: They form a straight carbon-carbon bonding chain. For example propane.
• Branched-chain compounds: They form carbon branches from base carbon atoms. They have a branched structure. For example, isobutylene

∆. Cyclic or Closed Chain compounds are divided further as:

Homocyclic or Carbocyclic Compounds:

1. Alicyclic Compounds are saturated organic compounds with a cyclic structure. For example, cyclobutane.
2. Aromatic Compounds are cyclic organic compounds but they are unsaturated depending upon the number of benzene rings. Hence they are subdivided as:

(a) Benzenoid Aromatic are organic compounds with one or more than one benzene ring fused. It can be monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic.

(b) Non-Benzenoid aromatic Compounds are compounds with one benzene ring to which other groups are attached.

Heterocyclic Compounds:

They are compounds that have heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur, boron, etc.

1. Alicyclic heterocyclic compounds: They are organic compounds with one or more heteroatoms in their rings. Example 1,2 dioxane
2. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds: They are organic compounds with one or more heteroatoms in the being skeletons. Example Furan