Question

Explain Coriolis force, Jet Stream and Monsoon

Answer 1

Coriolis Force is an artifact of the earth's rotation

Once air has been set in motion by thepressure gradient force, it undergoes an apparent deflection from its path, as seen by an observer on the earth. This apparent deflection is called the "Coriolis force" and is a result of the earth's rotation.

As air moves from high to low pressure in the northern hemisphere, it is deflected to the right by the Coriolis force. In the southern hemisphere, air moving from high to low pressure is deflected to the left by the Coriolis force.

The amount of deflection the air makes is directly related to both the speed at which the air is moving and its latitude. Therefore, slowly blowing winds will be deflected only a small amount, while stronger winds will be deflected more. Likewise, winds blowing closer to the poles will be deflected more than winds at the same speed closer to the equator. The Coriolis force is zero right at the equator.

This process is further demonstrated by the movie below.


Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow, meandering air currents in the atmospheresof some planets, including Earth.[1]  Their paths typically have a  mentoring  shape. Jet streams may start, stop, split into two or more parts, combine into one stream, or flow in various directions including opposite to the direction of the remainder of the jet.

The strongest jet streams are the polar jets, at nine–twelve km (30,000–39,000 ft) above sea level, and the higher altitude and somewhat weaker subtropical jets at 10–16 km (33,000–52,000 ft). The  Northern hemisphere and the  southern hemisphere each have a polar jet and a subtropical jet. The northern hemisphere polar jet flows over the middle to northern latitudes of  North America , Europe  and their intervening  oceans, while the southern hemisphere polar jet mostly circles  Antarctica  all year round.


• Jet stream :-

Jet streams are the product of two factors: the atmospheric heating by solar radiationthat produces the large-scale Polar, Ferrel, and Hadley circulation cells, and the action of the Coriolis force acting on those moving masses. The Coriolis force is caused by the planet's rotation on its axis. On other planets, internal heat rather than solar heating drives their jet streams. The Polar jet stream forms near the interface of the Polar and Ferrel circulation cells; the subtropical jet forms near the boundary of the Ferrel and Hadley circulation cells.

Other jet streams also exist. During the Northern Hemisphere summer, easterly jets can form in tropical regions, typically where dry air encounters more humid air at high altitudes. Low-level jets also are typical of various regions such as the central United States. There are also jetstreams in the  thermosphere.

Meteorologists use the location of some of the jet streams as an aid in  weather forecasting The main commercial relevance of the jet streams is in air travel, as flight time can be dramatically affected by either flying with the flow or against, which results in significant fuel and time cost savings for airlines. Often, the airlines work to fly 'with' the jet stream for this reason. Dynamic  North Atlantic tracks are one example of how airlines and  Air Traffic control work together to accommodate the jet stream and winds aloft that results in the maximum benefit for airlines and other users. clean air turbulence, a potential hazard to aircraft passenger safety, is often found in a jet stream's vicinity, but it does not create a substantial alteration on flight times. These are narrow belts.

• MONSOON:-

Lohagad makes an ideal trekking destination for trekkers from Pune and Mumbai because of its accesibility, ease of the trek and lush green surroundings. ... Trek begins from the Malavali Railway station and a lot of trekkers from Pune and Mumbai visit this fort in monsoon time.

Answer 2

See the attachment. . . . . . .