Question

explain coupling reaction in detail

Answer 1

A chemical reaction having a common intermediate in which energy is transfered from one side of the reaction to the other.A coupling reaction in organic chemistry is a general term for a variety of reactions where two hydrocarbon fragments are joined together with the aid of a metal catalyst. In one important reaction type a main group organometallic compound of the type RM (R = organic fragment, M = main group centre) reacts with an organic halide of the type R'X with formation of a new carbon-carbon bond in the product R-R' [1][2]

Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing palladium catalyzed cross coupling reactions.[3][4]

Broadly speaking, two types of coupling reactions are recognized:

Heterocouplings couple two different partners, such as in the Heck reaction of an alkene (RC=CH) and an alkyl halide (R'-X) to give a substituted alkene (RC=CR').
Homocouplings couple two identical partners, as in the Glaser coupling of two acetylides (RC≡CH) to form a dialkyne (RC≡C-C≡CR).

Answer 2

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