Question

Explain Darwinian theory of evolution with the help of one suitable example. State the two key concepts of the theory.

Answer 1

i) Darwinian theory of evolution states that as a result of . struggle for existence only those organisms survive which have favourable variations.

(a) Struggle for existence, (b) Natural selection.

(ii) Three characteristics of Neanderthal man are:

(a) Cranial capacity was 1400 cc and lived around 1,00,000-40,000 years back.

(b) Used hide to protect their body.

Answer 2

The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in Darwin's book "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits. Changes that allow an organism to better adapt to its environment will help it survive and have more offspring. 

Evolution by natural selection is one of the best substantiated theories in the history of science, supported by evidence from a wide variety of scientific disciplines, including paleontology, geology, genetics and developmental biology.

The theory has two main points, said Brian Richmond, curator of human origins at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. "All life on Earth is connected and related to each other," and this diversity of life is a product of "modifications of populations by natural selection, where some traits were favored in and environment over others," he said.

More simply put, the theory can be described as "descent with modification," said Briana Pobiner, an anthropologist and educator at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., who specializes in the study of human origins.

The theory is sometimes described as "survival of the fittest," but that can be misleading, Pobiner said. Here, "fitness" refers not to an organism's strength or athletic ability, but rather the ability to survive and reproduce.

For example, a study on human evolution on 1,900 students, published online in the journal Personality and Individual Differences in October 2017, found that many people may have trouble finding a mate because of rapidly changing social technological advances that are evolving faster than humans. "Nearly 1 in 2 individuals faces considerable difficulties in the domain of mating," said lead study author Menelaos Apostolou, an associate professor of social sciences at the University of Nicosia in Cyprus. "In most cases, these difficulties are not due to something wrong or broken, but due to people living in an environment which is very different from the environment they evolved to function in." 

(i) Explain Darwinian theory of evolution with the help of one suitable example. State the two key concepts of the theory.
(ii) Mention any three characteristics of Neanderthal man that lived in near East and Central Asia.
❤️hope it helps ❤️