explain different types of simple permanent tissue there characteristics and functions
Answers
1. Simple permanent tissue
Simple permanent tissue is composed of single type of cells which have similar origin, structure and function.
Types of simple permanent tissue
I. Parenchyma
II. Collenchyma
III. Sclerenchyma
Characteristics of parenchyma tissue
Living tissue
Shape: each cell is spherical, oval, rectangular, polygonal, elongated or irregular in shape
Cell wall: thin walled made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin
Young Parenchymatous cells are loosely arranged
Intercellular space : present
Food storage: cell store reserve food material
Parenchyma is found in all parts of plant such as cortex, pith, palisade, mesophyll, flower, seed etc
It is also found in vascular tissues.
Characteristics of collenchyma tissue:
Living tissue
Shape: each cell is somewhat elongated
Cell wall: thick walled due to deposition of hemicellulose and pectin in intercellular space
Intercellular space: present or absent
Characteristics of Sclerenchyma:
Dead tissue
Shape: elongated and pointed at both end
Cell wall: thick and lignified
Cell lack protoplasm
It gives strength and rigidity to the plant body
Function of parenchyma tissue:
Photosynthesis: chlorenchyma contains chloroplast which helps in photosynthesis
Storage: parenchyma cell stores food in the form of starch, proteins, oils and fats.
Buoyancy: helps in floating of aquatic plants due to presence of aerenchyma tissue
Secretion: Idioblastic cell secretes resins, latex, tannin, oils etc
Transport: parenchyma of xylem and phloem helps in transport of nutrition and water.
Mechanical support: Prosenchyma tissue provide mechanical support.
Functions of collenchyma tissue
Mechanical support: It is living mechanical tissue
Photosynthesis: It contain chloroplast and carry out photosynthesis.
Function of sclerenchyma tissue
Mechanical support: sclerenchyma is made up of dead and lignified cells which provides support to plants.
Provides hardness to stony fruits such as nuts, coconut, almond etc
parenchyma,sclerenchyma,collenchyma
parenchyma: it consists of relatively unspecialised cells with thin walls. The cells of this tissue are living. The cellsin this tissue contain large intercellular spaces. It provides support to plants and also stores food. It is also called storage tissue. The cells are in oval, spherical, polygonal in shape.
sclerenchyma: cells are dead. They are long, narrow, as the walls are thick due to lignin. There is no internal space inside the cell. It provides strength to all parts of the plant.
Collenchyma: cells are living and thick ar corners. the cells are elongated. there is very little intercellular spaces.
Parenchyma divides into 2 types based on their location: chlorenchyma and aerenchyma.
chlorenchyma: in some cells they contain chloroplasts and performs the photosynthesis hence it is called chlorenchyma.
aerenchyma: in aquatic plants, large air cavities are present in parenchyma to float plant in water they are called aerenchyma.
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