Explain distillation operation with material balance.
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A distillation column is controlled by regulating its material balance and the energy balance.
In essence, a material balance means that the sum of the products leaving the column must be equal (approximately) to the feed entering the column; and an energy balance means that the heat input to the column must equal (approximately) to heat removed from the system.
When a column is in material and energy balance, there is no accumulation or generation of material or heat within the column, i.e. the column is "stable".
The control system is dynamic, i.e. if a process variable changes, the control system reacts by adjusting the affected process variables until the system returns to normal condition.
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