explain double fertilization in detail
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Answer:
Double fertilization is a major characteristic of flowering plants.
In this process, two male gametes fuse with one female gamete wherein one male gamete fertilizes the egg to form a zygote, whereas the other fuses with two polar nuclei to form an endosperm.
Double fertilization gives stimulus to the plant that results in the development of the ovary into fruit and ovules into the seed.
The fusion of haploid male and female gametes restores the diploid condition of the plant.
Double Fertilization Process
The process of double fertilization is explained below:
Double Fertilization in Angiosperms
Angiosperms are flower-bearing plants and are the most diverse group of terrestrial plants.
The flowers form the reproductive part of angiosperms with separate male and female reproductive organs.
Each contains gametes – sperm and egg cells, respectively.
Pollination helps the pollen grains to reach stigma via style.
The two sperm cells enter the ovule-synergid cell. This proceeds to fertilization.
In angiosperms, fertilization results in two structures, namely, zygote and endosperm, hence the name “double fertilization.”
Double fertilization is a complex process where out of two sperm cells, one fuses with the egg cell and the other fuses with two polar nuclei which result in a diploid (2n) zygote and a triploid (3n) primary endosperm nucleus (PEN) respectively.
Since endosperm is a product of the fusion of three haploid nuclei, it is called triple fusion.
Eventually, the primary endosperm nucleus develops into the primary endosperm cell (PEC) and then into the endosperm.
The zygote becomes an embryo after numerous cell divisions.
Significance of Double Fertilization
The significance of double fertilization is as follows:
- Two products are obtained as a result of double fertilization.
- There are chances of polyembryony, and the plant has better chances of survival.
- Double fertilization gives rise to an endosperm that provides nourishment to the developing embryo.
- It increases the viability of the seeds of angiosperms.
- It utilizes both the male gametes produced by the pollen grains.
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Answer:
Double Fertilization Definition
“Double fertilization is a complex process which involves the fusion of one female gametophyte with two male gametes”
What is Double Fertilization?
Double fertilization is a major characteristic of flowering plants. In this process, two male gametes fuse with one female gamete wherein one male gamete fertilizes the egg to form a zygote, whereas the other fuses with two polar nuclei to form an endosperm.
Double fertilization gives stimulus to the plant that results in the development of the ovary into fruit and ovules into the seed. The fusion of haploid male and female gametes restores the diploid condition of the plant.
Double Fertilization Process
The process of double fertilization is explained below:
Double Fertilization in Angiosperms
Angiosperms are flower-bearing plants and are the most diverse group of terrestrial plants. The flowers form the reproductive part of angiosperms with separate male and female reproductive organs. Each contains gametes – sperm and egg cells, respectively.
Pollination helps the pollen grains to reach stigma via style. The two sperm cells enter the ovule-synergid cell. This proceeds to fertilization.
In angiosperms, fertilization results in two structures, namely, zygote and endosperm, hence the name “double fertilization.”
Double fertilization is a complex process where out of two sperm cells, one fuses with the egg cell and the other fuses with two polar nuclei which result in a diploid (2n) zygote and a triploid (3n) primary endosperm nucleus (PEN) respectively.
Since endosperm is a product of the fusion of three haploid nuclei, it is called triple fusion. Eventually, the primary endosperm nucleus develops into the primary endosperm cell (PEC) and then into the endosperm.
The zygote becomes an embryo after numerous cell divisions.