Question

Explain dual government introduced by Robert clive​

Answer 1

Dual government was introduced by Robert Clive in Bengal in 1765 and it was continued till 1772.

Robert Clive’s Rule of Bengal: Dual System

• Robert Clive was the Governor of Bengal during the year 1757-60 and also from 1765-67
• During his first tenure that is from 1757-1760 Bengal’s governor, under the Nawab Mir Jaffar, corruption was rampant
• The company’s one and only aim was to maximise the revenue at the expense of the peasants
• He gathered a great personal fortune in India and returned to Britain in the year 1760
• He came back to India in the year 1765 as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Bengal state
• During this time, there was huge and widespread corruption in the company
• So Clive prohibited the company’s employees from engaging in any sort of private trade

He also put a hold on accepting gifts from them

• He also initiated a ‘Society of Trade’ in 1765 but it was later abolished
• Mir Qasim the son in law of Mir Jaffar had ascended the throne of Bengal
• He wanted to snatch himself from the English influence
• The Battle of Buxar was fought between the British and the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja Ud Daulah who was the Nawab of Awadh and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. This battle was won by Britishers
• The result of this battle was, the Diwani that is the right to collect revenue of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha was sanctioned to the British by the Mughal Emperor in return for an annual sum of money and in districts of Allahabad and Kora
• Robert Clive, who had the power to undertake Awadh as well, refrained from annexing it. His intention was to use it as a ‘buffer’ state between the British and the Marathas
• The Nizamat considered as the territorial jurisdiction of Bengal and remained with the Nawab but in ground reality, the English had a good hold over this power
• This was referred to as Clive’s Dual System in which the company was the Diwan and the Nawab held the Nizamat.

Or

Dual Government in Bengal was introduced by Robert Clive in 1765 and continued till 1772. Under this system the administration of Bengal was divided in to two parts- Diwani and Nizamat. Diwani means right to collect revenue was given to company and Nizamat means administrative rights were given to nawab.