Question

explain dual nature of matter

Answer 1

In 1905 Albert Einstein (1879-1955) developed a theory stating that light has a dual nature. Light acts not only as a wave, but also as a particle. Each particle of light has a quantum of energy associated with it and is called a photon. The energy of a photon can be expressed using Planck's equation. Einstein's hypothesis helped explain the light emitted when current is passed through a gas in a cathode ray tube. An atom that has the lowest potential energy possible is said to be in the ground state. When a current passes through a gas at low pressure, the potential energy of the atoms increase. An atom having a higher potential energy than its ground state it is said to be in an excited state. The excited state atom is unstable and will return to the ground state. When it does, it gives off the lost energy as electromagnetic radiation (a photon). When an electric current is passed through an elemental gas, a characteristic color of light is emitted. This light can be passed through a prism where it splits into various bands of light at specific wavelengths. These bands are known as the line-emission spectrum for that element. The line-emission spectrum for hydrogen was the first to be described mathematically. Scientists now faced the task of developing a model of the

Answer 2

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⭐The Dual Nature of Matter⭐

=> de-Broglie's Principle states that "All material particles in motion possess wave characteristics..."

=> de-Broglie's Relationship can be derived by combining the mass and energy relationships proposed by Max Planck, and Albert Einstein...

• E = ∫c²dm = Σc²Δm = mc²
• E = hν

=> The combination of these two yielded the desired result:

λ = h/mc

=> The above equation is valid for a Photon(γ⁰)

=> The same relation can be extended to every particle of this universe, if the speed of light in vacua(c) is replaced by the ordinary velocity of the particle:

$\: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: λ = \frac{h}{ \: mv⃗}$

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