Explain effect of substituents on acidity of carboxylic acids
Answers
Answer:
Electronegative substituents raise acidity by inductive electron removal. As predicted, the higher the substituent's electronegativity, the greater the increase in acidity (F > Cl > Br > I), and the stronger the influence of the substituent on the carboxyl group (isomers in the 3rd row).
Explanation:
While the inductive effect causes the acidity to decrease, the resonance effect causes the phenyl or vinyl groups on carboxylic acids to enhance their acidity.
Carboxylic Acids' Acidity
An organic molecule known as carboxylic acid has an alkyl or aryl group and a carboxyl group (COOH). They produce carboxylate ions when they interact with metals and alkalis. These reactions of carboxylic acids reveal the acidity of certain substances. Carboxylic acids react with weak bases like carbonates and bicarbonates to release carbon dioxide gas, making them more acidic than simple phenols. When a material gives another substance a proton, often hydrogen, the process of naming a carboxylic acid takes place. Since hydrogen belongs in the -COOH group and is an acidic element, carboxylic acids are acidic in nature.
Carboxylic acids and their derivatives' acidity
In water, carboxylic acids split apart to generate the hydronium and carboxylate ions. The effective delocalization of the negative charge stabilises the carboxylate ion through resonance.