Question

Explain electrification by friction.​

Answer 1

Answer:

The frictional charging process results in a transfer of electrons between the two objects that are rubbed together. Having an excess of electrons, the rubber balloon is charged negatively. Similarly, the shortage of electrons on the animal fur leaves it with a positive charge.

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Answer 2

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Many materials can be charged by rubbing against each other. An uncharged body contains equal amounts of positive and negative charge, and hence it is electrically neutral. During rubbing, friction transfers some of the loosely bound electrons from one material to the other. Of the two bodies which are rubbed against each other, the one which gains electrons is said to be negatively charged. The second body which loses electrons has a deficit of negative charge and is said to be positively charged.

Materials can be arranged in an ordered list such that when any two of these are rubbed against each other, the one ahead in the list becomes positively charged while the other becomes negatively charged. A partial list is as follows: (1) fur (2) glass (3) silk (4) human body (5) metals (6) ebonite (7) sealing wax (8) amber (9) resin (10) sulphur. Thus, glass becomes positively charged when rubbed with silk but negatively charged when rubbed with fur.

That the charges on the two bodies being rubbed are of two different kinds was discovered by Charles Dufay. The terminology, positive and negative (or plus and minus) is due to Benjamin Franklin. Dufay also showed that like charges repel while unlike charges attract each other.

[$\bf\large\underline\red{Note}$ : Charles Dufay (1698 – 1739) French chemist. Discovered positive and negative charges. Benjamin Franklin (1706-90) US statesman. Experimented and theorized on static electricity.]