Question

explain evolution of sustainable development​

Answer 1

Answer:

Throughout the evolution of the concept of “sustainable development” there was consensus on the fact that it does not focus solely on environmental issues. The three interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars are: economic development, social development, and environmental protection. Indigenous peoples have argued that the fourth pillar of sustainable development is also cultural diversity.

The idea of sustainability dates back to the early 20th century in the era of industrial revolution when two opposing factions had emerged within the environmental movement: the conservationists and the preservationists. The conservationists focused on the proper use of nature, whereas the preservationists sought the protection of nature from use.[1] Put another way, conservation sought to regulate human use while preservation sought to eliminate human impact altogether.

As the first evidences of an environmental crisis began to appear, several reactions took place. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) was founded in October 1948 following an international conference in Fontainebleau, France. Its promoter’s sought to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable.

The Club of Rome, a think tank composed of a small international group of people from the fields of academia, civil society, diplomacy, and industry, raised considerable public attention in 1972 with its report The Limits to Growth that predicted that economic growth could not continue indefinitely because of the limited availability of natural resources, particularly oil.

Sustainable development was a key theme of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in 1972[2]. The concept was coined explicitly to suggest that it was possible to achieve economic growth and industrialization without environmental damage.

In the ensuing decades, mainstream sustainable development thinking was progressively developed through the World Conservation Strategy (1980)[3], the Brundtland Report (1987)[4], and the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio (1992), as well as in national government planning and wider engagement from business leaders and non-governmental organisations of all kinds.

Over these decades, the definition of sustainable development evolved. The Brundtland Report defined sustainable as ‘development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’. This definition was vague[5], but it cleverly captured two fundamental issues, the problem of the environmental degradation that so commonly accompanies economic growth and yet the need for such growth to alleviate poverty.

The core of mainstream sustainability thinking has become the idea of three dimensions, environmental, social and economic sustainability. These have been drawn in a variety of ways, as ‘pillars’ (Figure A), as concentric circles (Figure B), or as interlocking circles (Figure C). The IUCN uses the interlocking circles model to demonstrate that the three objectives need to be better integrated, with action to redress the balance between dimensions of sustainability

Explanation:

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