Question

Explain five basic operation of computers in detail

Answer 1

Basically computer does 5 basic operations that are input, output, process,storing and controlling. Input is basically taking data from the user, processing is transferring that data into useful information, then that information needs to be stored and controlled and finally output is give to user.

Answer 2

❥ Basic Operations of a Computer System

1. Inputting
2. Processing
3. Outputting
4. Storing
5. Controlling

$\huge\sf\underline{➣Input Unit}$

❐ Inputting is a basic operation of a computer system. This is the act of feeding in the data and instruction to the computer (by computer here it means the processing unit).

A computer system consists of different functional units and Input Unit does the operation of Inputting. By inputting you should understand that it is to send data and/or instruction to the computer in the required format. Information and programs are entered into the computer through Input devices such as the keyboard, disks, or through other computers via network connections or modems connected to the Internet.

The input device also retrieves information off disks. Because Computers work with bits, there should be some mechanism to make data understandable by CPU and also the information produced by CPU must be converted to the human readable form. Input Unit devices take care of encoding.

The devices that help you to input data and instructions are known as Input Devices. Keyboard, Mouse, Light Pen, JoyStick, Scanners, Microphone etc are some examples of input unit devices

$\huge\sf\underline{➣ Processing Unit}$

❐ The task of performing calculations and comparisons are known as processing.

The unit in Computer System that is responsible for processing is ALU. ALU is the place where actual execution of the instructions takes place during the processing operations. All calculations & comparisons are made in the ALU. The data and instructions stored in the primary storage are transferred to it as when required. ALU may produce Intermediate results and store it in the memory which is also transferred back to the ALU for the final processing. After completion of processing the final results are send to storage units from ALU.

$\huge\sf\underline{➣ Output Unit}$

This unit takes care of receiving processed information from processing unit and present it to the user in the suitable form.

❐ A computer produces results in binary form and output unit does decoding to make it usable to the users. The devices that can output information from a computer are known as output unit devices. Monitors, Speakers, Projectors are soft output devices whereas printers, plotters produce hard copy output. Soft copy output is something that is temporary or is available only as long as the output device is turned on. Contrary to these are hard copy output which is permanent. The printout in a paper is not lost because the printer is turned off!

$\huge\sf\underline{➣ Storage Unit}$

❐ Before actual processing start, data & instructions entered to the computer must be stored somewhere inside the computer. Similarly, results produced by the computer are required to be stored before it is passed to the output unit. The intermediate result produced by the computer must also be stored for further processing. Thus the importance of storage Unit in a computer system is vital.

Based on whether the storage device is inside the main machine or not, it can be internal or external storage. Similarly, looking at whether the storage device works close with CPU or works as backup media, they can be primary storage or secondary storage. Primary storage is also called primary memory. Secondary storage is known by other names such as backup storage or secondary memory. For the storage purpose, a computer system may have different devices such as registers, cache, RAM/ROM, flash, magnetic disks, optical disks and so on.

$\huge\sf\underline{➣ Controlling Unit}$

❐ ALU dose does not know what should be done with the data likewise, output unit dose not know when the result should be displayed. By selecting, interning and seeing to the execution of the program the CU is able to maintain order and direct the operations of the entire system. CU doesn't perform any actual processing on data yet it is known as a central nervous system for the comforts of the computer. It manages and coordinates the entire system.

$\sf{ \orange{✿Hope \: this \: helps! }}$