Question

Explain foothill in artificial intelligence

Answer 1

This is a variety of depth-first (generate - and - test) search. A feedback is used here to decide on the direction of motion in the search space. In the depth-first search, the test function will merely accept or reject a solution. But in hill climbing the test function is provided with a heuristic function which provides an estimate of how close a given state is to the goal state. The hill climbing test procedure is as follows :
1. General he first proposed the solution as done in the depth-first procedure. See if it is a solution. If so quit, else continue.2. From this solution generate new set of solutions use, some application rules3. For each element of this set      (i) Apply test function. It is a solution quit.      (ii) Else see whether it is closer to the goal state than the solution already generated. If yes, remember it else discard i4. Take the best element so far generated and use it as the next proposed solution.This step corresponds to move through the problem space in the directionTowards the goal state.5. Go back to step 2.Sometimes this procedure may lead to a position, which is not a solution, but from which there is no move that improves things. This will happen if we have reached one of the following three states.(a) A "local maximum " which is a state better than all its neighbors, but is not better than some other states farther away. Local maxim sometimes occurs with in sight of a solution. In such cases, they are called " Foothills".(b) A "plateau'' which is a flat area of the search space, in which neighboring states have the same value. On a plateau, it is not possible to determine the best direction in which to move by making local comparisons.(c) A "ridge" which is an area in the search that is higher than the surrounding areas, but can not be searched in a simple move.To overcome theses problems we can(a) Back track to some earlier nodes and try a different direction. This is a good way of dealing with local maxim.(b) Make a big jump some direction to a new area in the search. This can be done by applying two more rules of the same rule several times, before testing. This is a good strategy is dealing with plate and ridges.

Hill climbing becomes inefficient in large problem spaces, and when the combinatorial explosion occurs. But it is useful when combined with other methods.

Answer 2

Artificial intelligence and Machine learning

Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of humans used by computers with the help of simulation. The all machines and computers which we use today works with the help of Humans. Means, they don't have their own capacity to think and take decisions. The computers which we use today works with the help of Operating system (OS). Which make the connection between the humans and computers. The Artificial intelligence is the future of this planet.

Artificial intelligence is categorized in 2 different groups : Weak and strong. Because of which, Artificial intelligence is easy to understand and design. It's obvious that the Artificial intelligence is the future of this world and in the future of this world, we will see the all computers and phones who can think themselves.

Lot of companies today are working on Artificial intelligence and its need to this world. Because, the all tech and software development companies know the importance of Artificial intelligence in the future. Therefore, so many companies are today working on this Artificial intelligence field. Because of which, there is a lot of chance to get a Job in the field on Artificial intelligence.

Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Twitter and many internet based popular sites are today working on the development of the Artificial intelligence. This all companies are trying to make the Artificial intelligence more better to get the world with the advanced technologies.

Artificial intelligence is created by the deep learning algorithms because of which, Artificial intelligence can work better and more efficient. Artificial intelligence and Machine learning

Artificial intelligence can costs very expensive because of the Hardware and the software components. Artificial intelligence is used in this world today also for many purposes and it will be used in future also. The word which we hear as Robot is based on the Artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence means the Computers can think themselves with their own efficiency.

Artificial intelligence is having the following efficiencies:

• Image and text recoganization: With the help of Artificial intelligence, it will be very easy to recognize any kind of image and the languages found in history. Artificial intelligence can recognize an image and it can give it's information and all required data to the scientists for the research work.
• Face recoganization: This is as similar to above one. In this technology, scientists are working for the Artificial intelligence face recognize. With the help of this, it will be very helpful to find the face of criminals.
• Software and program development: As humans can today develop the apps and programs, Artificial intelligence will be able to create and develop the software and programs. Because of which, the huge work of humans will be saved.

APPLICATIONS:

• Image recognization
• Chatbots
• Natural language
• Speech recognization

Software and Hardware for training:

• GPU
• Like spark
• Cloud data storage

Types of models:

• Deep learning
• Machine learning
• Neural learning

Programming languages used:

• Java
• Python
• C
• Tensorflow

Machine learning: Machine learning is very different from the AI concept. Machine learning is the way of teaching to the computers by programming them. Suppose, if we teach any computer or machine to do any specified work, then the machine can do that specified work for long time with no error.

Because of which, Machine learning is also used in some websites. Because of which, they can track our data and can show the ads related to the products and articles which we read and see on the internet.

Advantages and dis-advantages of Artificial intelligence:

Advantages:

1. AI can be used in business for growing our business or getting any ideas related to it. Artificial intelligence can also do the repeated work for long time, because of which Employees can decreased and business can increase.  
2. AI is also used in the treatments of the body. In short, Artificial intelligence is also used in the smart healthcare for finding the problems in the body. Because of which, treatment is error free.
3. Artificial intelligence is also used in education. The students can attract to the way of teaching of Artificial intelligence robots. Because of which, High grading students can be there. They can also teach the students in the digital way.
4. AI is also used in Manufacturing of machines. Artificial intelligence can do the work for long time with no mistake and error.

Disadvantages:

1. If the robots will think the opposite about humans, then the end of this earth will be not so far.
2. Robots can do the any illegal work which is not allowed in country.. Because of which, there can be a jail to its developer.
3. Artificial intelligence robots can steal the information and they can send it to the other governments. Because of which, there is a chance to be 3rd world war.
4. AI can kill the humans, if humans will scold or train it other way.