Question

Explain formation of NaCl molecule.

Answer 1

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The formation of NaCl molecule are as follows:-

➡️ The atomic number of sodium is 11, so its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 1. Sodium atom has only 1 electron in its outermost shell. So, the sodium atom donates 1 electron and forms a sodium ion Na+

                Na      –       e–      `|->`        Na+

sodium     electron          sodium ion

➡️ The atomic number of chlorine is 17, so its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 7. Chlorine atom has 7 electrons in its outermost shell and needs 1 more electron to achieve the stable, 8-electron inert gas configuration. So, a chlorine atom takes 1 electron and forms a negatively charged chloride ion Cl–

Cl        +      e–            `|->`              Cl–

         chlorine        electron                chlorine ion

When sodium reacts with chlorine, it transfers its 1 outermost electron to the chlorine atom by losing 1 electron and forming sodium ion (Na+) and by gaining 1 electron, the chlorine atom forms a chloride ion (Cl–), this is shown below,

Sodium ions have positive charges and chloride ion have negative charge. Due to opposite charges, sodium and chloride ions are held together by the electrostatic force of attraction to form sodium chloride Na+Cl–or NaCl

Answer 2

                               Formation of NaCl:

1. Sodium has atomic number 11, shows the electronic configuration 2,8,1 to become complete by it's octet state, Sodium looses it's 1 electron and forms the sodium ion Na+ (2,8).

Sodium (Na) (2,8,1)  -------------> Sodium ion (Na+) (2,8)

2. Chlorine has atomic number 17, shows electronic configuration 2,8,7. To become complete by it's octet state, it accepts 1 electron shared by Sodium and forms the Chlorine ion Cl- (2,8,8)

Chlorine (Cl) (2,8,7) --------------> Chloride ion (Cl-) (2,8,8)

3. Due to the opposite charges, there is a attraction between this two ions and one new chemical bond is formed.

                           Na₊ + Cl₋ -------------> NaCl

About Sodium Chloride:

Sodium Chloride is a common salt which is generally referred as "common salt" also. Sodium Chloride is colorless and crystalline ionic compound. By the further reactions on Sodium Chloride, Various salts like Na2Co3 and NaHCO3 are produced.

i) NaCl is generally salty in taste.

ii) It is Colourless , Neutral salt.

iii) There is no water of crystallization in it's crystalline structure.

iv) When the NaCl is heated at 800 degree Celsius, then it melts. This state of salt is called as "Fused state of salt".