explain french future tense
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French has multiple future tenses, and just like in English, they’re used when referring to events that haven’t occurred yet – things that will take place anytime in l’avenir (the future). The indicative tense forms of the future tense are also sometimes used to express other things, such as:
Politeness: “Je vous demanderai de ne pas faire de bruit.” (I have to ask you to not make noise.)Probability or hypothesis: “Il aura été retardé par le mauvais temps.” (It could have been delayed by the bad weather.)Emotion: “Nous devrons tout supporter en silence.” (We must endure everything silently.)
Of course, it expresses the future as well, and it can be simple to use.
Simple Future vs. Future Perfect: What’s the Difference?
The simple future tense (le futur simple) is the basic form of the future, and the English equivalent of “will + verb.” Here’s an example of how the simple future tense is used:
Ils mangeront dans l’avion. (They will eat on the plane.)
Note that in French, there is no translation for the often-used “will” in English. The future tense is one entity; more specifically, it is made of the entire verb plus an ending, depending on what subject is being used.
In the above case, ils refers to a group of people (“Il” meaning “he” and the extra “s” meaning “they,” referring to either a group of men or a group of men and women). Ils (and elles, which is used for groups of women) gets an ending of -ont at the end. For further explanation about what endings go with what subject, see the conjugation section below.
The future perfect tense (le futur antérieur), on the other hand, expresses an act that will have happened in the future. Here’s an example of how the future perfect tense is used:
Demain, j’aurai déjà lu mon livre. (Tomorrow, I will have already read my book.)
See here how this tense is very specific. You know for a fact that you’ve set aside time to read the book tomorrow, and, therefore, it will be finished.
Oftentimes, these two tenses are used together:
Quand j’aurai déjeuné, je travaillerai. (After I’ve eaten, I will start working).
The first half of that sentence is in the future perfect tense, and expresses an action (eating) that you know will have to be completed before you are able to complete the next action in the future (working, expressed with the simple future tense).
Politeness: “Je vous demanderai de ne pas faire de bruit.” (I have to ask you to not make noise.)Probability or hypothesis: “Il aura été retardé par le mauvais temps.” (It could have been delayed by the bad weather.)Emotion: “Nous devrons tout supporter en silence.” (We must endure everything silently.)
Of course, it expresses the future as well, and it can be simple to use.
Simple Future vs. Future Perfect: What’s the Difference?
The simple future tense (le futur simple) is the basic form of the future, and the English equivalent of “will + verb.” Here’s an example of how the simple future tense is used:
Ils mangeront dans l’avion. (They will eat on the plane.)
Note that in French, there is no translation for the often-used “will” in English. The future tense is one entity; more specifically, it is made of the entire verb plus an ending, depending on what subject is being used.
In the above case, ils refers to a group of people (“Il” meaning “he” and the extra “s” meaning “they,” referring to either a group of men or a group of men and women). Ils (and elles, which is used for groups of women) gets an ending of -ont at the end. For further explanation about what endings go with what subject, see the conjugation section below.
The future perfect tense (le futur antérieur), on the other hand, expresses an act that will have happened in the future. Here’s an example of how the future perfect tense is used:
Demain, j’aurai déjà lu mon livre. (Tomorrow, I will have already read my book.)
See here how this tense is very specific. You know for a fact that you’ve set aside time to read the book tomorrow, and, therefore, it will be finished.
Oftentimes, these two tenses are used together:
Quand j’aurai déjeuné, je travaillerai. (After I’ve eaten, I will start working).
The first half of that sentence is in the future perfect tense, and expresses an action (eating) that you know will have to be completed before you are able to complete the next action in the future (working, expressed with the simple future tense).
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