Explain Gandhi's concept of grammars for
Raja in the light of decentralization?
Answers
Answer:
Providing administrative power and the responsibility of developing the village to people themselves is called decentralization. It is a process through which power-sharing occurs and people participate in decision making. It is also a process that aims at planning and development from below. This process was called as ‘Grama Swarajya’ by Mahatma Gandhi. Following were Gandhiji's concept of Grama Swarajya:i) Administrative power to the villagersii) The responsibility of developing the village to villagersiii) Self-reliant, self-sufficient and prosperous villagesiv) Self-reliant, self-sufficient village life is ‘Grama Swarajya’v) Decentralization ends all kinds of exploitationvi) Upholds human independence and dignityvii) Nurtures human values like compassion and co-operation.
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Answer:
Gandhi's greatest contribution to the social thought of this century is perhaps his insistence on decentralization of the means of production (i.e. say economic power). There are many who are ready to give thoughtful consideration to his theory because it is the only way out of the problem of unemployment in this country. They argue that it is desirable to go in for decentralization because huge capital accumulation is needed to industrialize the country through large-scale industries. They also contend that because large scale industrialization presupposes the existence of foreign markets which this country cannot have, decentralization is the only cherishable goal. In other words large-scale industrialization will be preferable in case the problems of capital formation and foreign market are solved.
Now this line of reasoning constitutes a danger to the whole theory of decentralization as put forward by Gandhi. It would be wrong to presume that Gandhi propounded his theory only to suit Indian conditions. On the other hand, Gandhi's theory of decentralization was the result of his keen and almost prophetic insight into the numerous political, social and cultural ills which the age of large-scale industrialization has brought in its wake.
This is what Bertrand Russell has to say as regards Gandhi's concept of decentralization: "In those parts of the world in which industrialism is still young, the possibility of avoiding the horrors we have experienced still exists. India, for example is traditionally a land of village communities. It would be a tragedy if this traditional way of life with all its evils were to be suddenly and violently exchanged for the greater evils of industrialism and they would apply to people whose standard of living is already pitifully low..... "
Therefore, one has only to understand the magnitude of those "horrors" of which Russell speaks, before one can truly appreciate Gandhi's idea of decentralization.
Large-scale industrialism is at the base of the centralization of political power in few hands. It is in the very nature of large-scale industries to centralize economic power in the hands of a few individuals. Under capitalism this power comes to be concentrated in the hands of individual capitalists and under socialism it is arrogated by managers, technocrats and bureaucrats.
Thus the centralization of power in the State negates the very conception of democracy.
This is why Gandhi did not favour the so-called democracy in the West. In his view, Western democracy was only formal. In reality it was totalitarian in so far as only a few could enjoy the political power in this system.
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