Question

Explain general strucutre of RNA.
Explain the structure and role of three types of RNA.
Describe the roles of the following conjugated molecules:
(a) glycolipids
(b) glycoproteins
(c) lipoproteins
(d) nucleoproteins​

Answer 1

RNA ᴄᴏɴsɪsᴛs ᴏғ ʀɪʙᴏsᴇ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴏᴛɪᴅᴇs (ɴɪᴛʀᴏɢᴇɴᴏᴜs ʙᴀsᴇs ᴀᴘᴘᴇɴᴅᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀ ʀɪʙᴏsᴇ sᴜɢᴀʀ) ᴀᴛᴛᴀᴄʜᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴘʜᴏsᴘʜᴏᴅɪᴇsᴛᴇʀ ʙᴏɴᴅs, ғᴏʀᴍɪɴɢ sᴛʀᴀɴᴅs ᴏғ ᴠᴀʀʏɪɴɢ ʟᴇɴɢᴛʜs. Tʜᴇ ɴɪᴛʀᴏɢᴇɴᴏᴜs ʙᴀsᴇs ɪɴ RNA ᴀʀᴇ ᴀᴅᴇɴɪɴᴇ, ɢᴜᴀɴɪɴᴇ, ᴄʏᴛᴏsɪɴᴇ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴜʀᴀᴄɪʟ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ʀᴇᴘʟᴀᴄᴇs ᴛʜʏᴍɪɴᴇ ɪɴ DNA

Gʟʏᴄᴏʟɪᴘɪᴅs ᴀʀᴇ ʟɪᴘɪᴅs ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀ ᴄᴀʀʙᴏʜʏᴅʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴀᴛᴛᴀᴄʜᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴀ ɢʟʏᴄᴏsɪᴅɪᴄ (ᴄᴏᴠᴀʟᴇɴᴛ) ʙᴏɴᴅ. Tʜᴇɪʀ ʀᴏʟᴇ ɪs ᴛᴏ ᴍᴀɪɴᴛᴀɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛᴏ ғᴀᴄɪʟɪᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ʀᴇᴄᴏɢɴɪᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɪs ᴄʀᴜᴄɪᴀʟ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ɪᴍᴍᴜɴᴇ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴsᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴɴᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴀʟʟᴏᴡ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴɴᴇᴄᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴏɴᴇ ᴀɴᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴛᴏ ғᴏʀᴍ ᴛɪssᴜᴇs.

Answer 2

Answer:

$\bold\pink{❥ᴀ᭄ɴsᴡᴇʀ:⤵}$

Explanation:

• 1. RNA consists of ribose nucleotides (nitrogenous bases appended to a ribose sugar) attached by phosphodiester bonds, forming strands of varying lengths. The nitrogenous bases in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, which replaces thymine in DNA.
• 2. The three main types of RNA directly involved in protein synthesis are messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). In 1961, French scientists François Jacob and Jacques Monod hypothesized the existence of an intermediary between DNA and its protein products, which they called messenger RNA
• 3.Glycolipids are essential constituents of cellular membranes with a high number of functions. They may act as receptors, be important for cell aggregation and dissociation, and may be responsible for specific cellular contact and for signal transduction.
• Glycoproteins are molecules that comprise of protein and carbohydrate chains that are involved in many physiological functions including immunity. Many viruses have glycoproteins that help them enter bodily cells, but can also serve to be important therapeutic or preventative targets
• Lipoproteins are special particles made up of droplets of fats surrounded by a single layer of phospholipid molecules. Phospholipids are molecules of fats which are attached to a phosphorus-containing group. They are distinctive in being amphipathic, which means they have both polar and non-polar ends.
• Nucleoproteins are any proteins that are structurally associated with nucleic acids, either DNA or RNA. Typical nucleoproteins include ribosomes, nucleosomes and viral nucleocapsid proteins.