Explain generation of computer with its advantage and disadvantage
Answers
We are in the fifth generation of the computer
1. First Generation: Vacuum Tubes
2. Second Generation Transistors
3. Third Generation Integrated Circuits
4. Fourth Generation Microprocessors
5. Fifth Generation Artificial Intelligence e
First Generation: Vacuum Tubes
Advantages:
• That was the only electronic during those old days.
• Those computers were very fast to calculate.
• Vacuum tube technology made possible the advent of electronic digital computers.
Disadvantages:
• It is not really a reliable device.
• No portable
• It is required to be air conditioned.
Second Generation Transistors
Advantages:
• Smaller in size compared to the first generation of computer
• The second generations computers were more reliable.
• Used less energy and were not heated as much as the first one.
• Wider commercial use.
• Better portability as compared to the first generation.
Disadvantages
• Cooling system was required.
• Constant maintenance was require.
• Costly and not versatile.
• Commercial production was difficult.
• Only used for specific purposes.
• Punch cards were used for input.
Third Generation Integrated Circuits
Advantages:
• Less energy
• Easily portable
• Maintenance cost is low because hardware failures are rare.
Disadvantages:
• There are a lot of cases required for air conditioning.
• Highly sophisticated production was easier and cheaper.
Fourth Generation Microprocessors
Advantages:
• Air conditioning is not required in most cases.
• Faster in computation than the last generations
• Totally general purpose.
• Heat generated is negligible
• Smallest in size it's because of the high component density.
Disadvantages:
• Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacture of LSI chips.
Fifth Generation Artificial Intelligence
Advantages:
• It is more reliable and works faster.
• Available in different sizes with unique features.
Disadvantages:
It’s the source of some current problems owing to the wicked peoples use these devices badly
Answer:
First Generation Computers (1946-1959)
- First Generation Computers were made up of vacuum tubes. which were used in the arithmetic and logical operations.
Advantages:
- First Generation Computers were capable doing arithmetic and logical operations only.
- Instead of the key punch machines or the unit record machines, they used the electronic values.
Disadvantages:
- Their size were too big , speed was very slow, accuracy level and reliability were low .
- because of their iteral circuit structure, they used to consume lot of electricity, generated a lot of heat and they broke down frequently.
Second Generation Computers (1959-1965)
The specialty of Second Generation Computers was they used transistors in place of vacuum tubes as their basic elements to perform arithmetic and logical works.
Advantages:
- They required very small space, were faster ,reliable and dependable than First Generation Computers .
- Their power consumption was less and dissipated less heat than First Generation Computers and also had large storage capacity.
- They used card readers and printer etc.
Disadvantages:
- The main disadvantages of those computers were they did not have any operating system and used assembly languages.
- their decision making capability was less due to poor softwares and needed constant upkeep and maintenance.
Third Generation Computers (1965-1970)
The significant features of Third Generation Computers were
- They used monolithic integrated circuits (IC) each of which consisted transistors and other electronic components on a single crystal.
Advantages:
- The size of these computers were very small in comparison to Second Generation Computers and less costly as they were built with thousands of cheap transistors .
- Their devices were faster and better for storage. These storages called auxiliary backing or secondary storage.
- They used operating system and hence capable of resource management using time sharing and multiple programming.
Disadvantages:
- They lacked thinking power and decision making capability because of poor software technology.
- They were not capable to provide any insight into their internal working.
Fourth Generation Computers:
Fourth Generation Computers came with improved technology during the period 1970-1985 . They used large scale integrated circuits in the form of microprocessor in their memory. A microprocessor is a single chip which itself can perform the controlling, arithmetic and logical functions of a computer that too at a fast speed.
Advantages:
- Fourth Generation Computers were very small in size, and there cost of operation was very less, very compact, faster and reliable than the previous generations.
- They were capable of facilitating the interactive online remote programming .
Disadvantages:
- They are less powerful and speed was than than the main frame computers.
- Their thinking power and decision making ability were less along with less storage capacity .
Fifth Generation Computers:
Fifth Generation Computers are emerging after 1985 with further improved technology .They are designed to incorporate "Artificial Intelligence" and use to make expert judgments and decision like human beings. They can process non numerical information like pictures and graphs and use very large scale integrated circuits.
Advantages:
- They are oriented towards integrated data base development to provide decision models.
- They are faster ,very cheap , have the highest possible storage capacity along with high thinking power and decision making capability.
Disadvantages:
- They need very low level languages and they may replace the human force and cause grievous unemployment problems.