explain glycolysis class 11
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Answer:
The term glycolysis has originated from the Greek words, glycos for sugar, and lysis for splitting.
The scheme of glycolysis was given by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and J. Parnas, and is often referred to as the EMP pathway.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and it is the only process in anaerobic organisms.
Glycolysis is the process in which glucose, derived from sucrose, undergoes partial oxidation to form two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Glucose and fructose are phosphorylated to give rise to glucose-6- phosphate by the activity of the enzyme hexokinase.
Glucose-6- phosphate isomerises to produce fructose-6-phosphate by phosphogluco isomerase.
Fructose-6-phosphate converts to fructose 1,6, bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase-1.
The fructose 1, 6-diphosphate is split into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) by the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate by the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase.
3-phosphoglycerate is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate by the enzyme phophoglyceromutase.
Enolase converts 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenol pyruvate.
Pyruvate kinase converts phosphoenol pyruvate to pyruvate.
ATP is utilised at two steps: first in the conversion of glucose into glucose 6-phosphate and second in the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1, 6-diphosphate.
When 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) is converted to 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate (DPGA), NADH + H+ is formed from NAD+.
Coversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenol pyruvate to 3-phosphoglycerate and pyruvate, respectively, are energy-yielding process, where energy is trapped by the formation of ATP.
There are three major ways in which different cells handle pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis. These are lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation and aerobic respiration.
Fermentation is anaerobic respiration, whereas organisms adopt Krebs’ cycle which is also called as aerobic respiration.
Glycolysis is the process of conversion of glucose to lactic acid in the cytoplasm of the cell .
It is an ten steps cycle.
It occurs in all aerobic and anaerobic organism.
It is also called EMP pathway. Based on the name of the scientists who discovered.
EMP stands for Embden,Meyerhof and Parnas.