Question

explain gold foli experiment by Rutherford

Answer 1

Ernest Rutherford was a British physicist who is particularly famous for studying the structure of the atom. Prior to his gold foil experiment, scientists imagined the atom as a large area of positive charge, with negative charges stuck on the outside. This was called the plum pudding model, because the negative charges were like plums stuck in the positively charged plum pudding.

But Rutherford's gold foil experiment(otherwise known as the Geiger-Marsden experiment) changed all that. After the experiment, we understood that the positive charge was concentrated in the nucleus, and that most of the atom is empty space. 

Answer 2

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»Rutherford bombarded a thin gold foil with high speed alpha particles which are obtained from radioactive material

»Alpha rays are made to travel in straight lines by passing them through Lead sheets having holes at their centres .zinc sulphide screen was placed behind the gold foil to know the position of the alpha rays .

Rutherford observed that :

most of the Alpha particles passed without any deflection

some of them were deflected away from their path

only a few were returned back to their original direction of propagation

Rutherfords atomic model:

the main features of this model are

atom is Spherical and hollow

the total mass and total positive charge is concentrated in a small region at the centre part of the atom which is called in nucleus

this model is called solar Model or planetary model

electrons and nucleus are held Together by electrostatic force of attraction

Drawbacks:

As per electromagnetic theory the revolving electron should lose energy continuously and travel in a spiral path and finally should fall into the nucleus so atom should collapse but atoms are stable