Question

explain hardy weinberges principal short note​

Answer 1

Answer:

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

● The frequency of occurrence of alleles of a gene in a population remains constant through generations unless disturbances such as mutations, non-random mating, etc. are introduced.

● Genetic equilibrium (gene pool remains constant) is a state which provides a baseline to measure genetic change.

● Sum total of all allelic frequencies is 1.

● Individual frequencies are represented as p and q such as in a diploid,where p and q represent the frequency of allele A and a.The frequency of AA is p2, that of aa is q2, and that of Aa is 2pq.

● Hence, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, which is the expansion of (p + q)2.

● When the frequency measured is different from that expected, it is indicative of evolutionary change.

● Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is affected by

● gene flow or gene migration

● genetic drift (changes occurring by chance)

● mutation

● genetic recombination

● natural selection

● Sometimes, the change in allele frequency is so prominent in the new

sample of population that they become a different species and the original drifted population becomes the founder. This effect is called founder effect.

● The advantageous mutations that help in natural selection over the generations give rise to new phenotypes and result in speciation.

hope it help ✌️