Question

explain haworth synthesis

Answer 1

haworth synthesis is a multi step preparation of phenantrenes from phenolphthalein by means of friedel-crafts acylation with succinic anhydride ,followed by a clemmense reduction or wolff-kishner reduction,cyclization,reduction,and dehydrogenation. This synthesis is also referred to as the Haworth phenanthrene synthesis. Additionally,the same procedure used for the preparation of nahthalenesfrom benzenes is called the haworth reaction. This reaction has been modified to react with 4-pentanoic acid Ester to form alkyl substituted phenanthrenes.This reaction has a wide application in preparation of fused aromatics, including naphthalenes and phenanthrenes.