explain how are energy bands are formed in a semiconductor crystal
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Explanation:
The solid crystals are formed when the isolated atoms are brought together. ... However, when two atoms are brought close to each other, it leads to intermixing of electrons in the valence shell. As a result, the number of permissible energy levels is formed, which is called an energy band.
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Each band is formed due to the splitting of one or more atomic energy levels. Therefore, the minimum number of states in a band equals twice the number of atoms in the material. The reason for the factor of two is that every energy level can contain two electrons with opposite spin.
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