Question

explain how availability of food leads to the variation in Beetle population? is it in hurted or not? why?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Life‐history theory provides a framework for understanding how evolution shapes life cycles, where natural selection is the ultimate driver of species‐specific vital rates and breeding tactics (Stearns, 1976). Central to this theory is the resource allocation trade‐off between an individual's own maintenance, which affects growth and survival, and the effort exerted to maximize reproductive output (Stearns, 1992). In long‐lived iteroparous species, age at first reproduction appears to be nodal. In effect, natural selection for survival is strong before individuals of these species start reproducing. Thereafter, natural selection favors high and mostly constant survival rates within the reproducing segment of the population (Eberhardt, 2002; Gaillard & Yoccoz, 2003; Jones et al., 2008). Finally, beyond the active reproductive phase, when symptoms of aging begin to manifest, decreased survival probabilities are observed (Bize, Devevey, Monaghan, Doligez, & Christe, 2008; Bize et al., 2014; Gaillard, Festa‐Bianchet, Yoccoz, Loison, & Toigo, 2000). An early reproductive start thus has the advantage of reducing the risk of dying before reproduction, however, at the risk of lower offspring quality and/or reduced litter size. In contrast, a late reproductive start increases the risk of dying during the longer immature phase, but can yield larger litter sizes and offspring of superior quality (Stearns, 1992). Weighting up the different life‐history strategies, each may result in fairly similar fitness such that life‐history variations are eventually maintained high by natural selection (Schmidt, Hoedl, & Schaub, 2012).

Explanation: