Explain how carbon is able to attain octet state in its compounds, with a valency of 4? Also explain the property behind bonding of carbon with its own atoms.
Answers
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Carbon is a tetravalent element, means it has valence electron and valency 4 and hence to complete it's octet it will need to lose it four electrons or to gain four electrons. But both the cases are difficult for carbon because very excess amount of energy is needed for losing four electrons and after gaining four electrons the number of protons will be comparatively low which will create a great disbalance.... Hence, to complete it's octet carbon forms covalent bonds means it's atoms shares electrons with atoms of other elements...
Thus, the carbon also get satisfied and becomes stable and the same thing also happens with other elements.... Carbon has valency 4 hence it forms four bonds and other elements combines with carbon...
For ex...
Formation of CH4 (Methane)...
H
l
H_ C _ H
l
H
Explanation:
It is the structure of methane....
the four lines are showing the four bonds formed between carbon and hydrogens...
here, carbon is satisfied because it has completed its octet and hydrogens are also satisfied because they have also completed their octet....
The property behind bonding of carbon with its own atoms is called catenation property...
Carbon forms several organic compounds due to this property..
In other words you can say catenation property self linking property....
Hope it helps you.....