Question

explain how cities arose

Answer 1

Permanent settling showed the sustainability of a civilization. By living in a more permanent settlement, people had more complex lives and methods of collecting materials including irrigation and agricultural methods. 
Ex. Irrigation methods in Nubia
Organized government proved necessary for civilized living because it provided citizens with a set of rules and an authoritative figure to live under. 
ex. governing priests of Mesopotamia; Summerian Kings
Why organized government?

Answer 2

Answer:

▪ In course of time, large amounts of surplus crops started being produced.

▪ Some people could now spend all their time manufacturing goods to meet

various other needs through a variety of occupations such as pot-making,

weaving, brick-making, tool-making, etc.

▪ The exchange of goods led to the growth of trade and trade centres. Trade

centres where a large number of people settled developed into cities. A city is

larger than a village both in area and population.

▪ Village life is simple because village people have similar needs and similar

occupations. In contrast, city life is complex as people have different activities,

and hence many needs and occupations.