explain how does nucleus having same charge buut not repulsive explain it well
Answers
because of electromagnetic theory......
The answer is, “They do!” That’s why we only have about 90 stable elements and why we have nuclear fission. The atomic nucleus, made up of neutrons and protons, is created by a balance of forces. The neutrons and protons (“nucleons”) attract each other with a force called “the strong nuclear force” (about which we now know a lot, thanks to 50 years of research). In brief, the force is strong, mostly attractive, but short ranged — it’s only effective between neighboring nucleons. The protons also repel each other, as the questioner points out, as a result of their electric charge. Since the electric force is long range and is seen by all the protons in the nucleus, as the number of protons grows, the repulsion gets stronger and stronger, eventually de-stabilizing the nucleus and leading to its breaking up. The presence of neutrons, since they have no charge, adds some strong force attraction without adding any electric repulsion. As a result, for larger nuclei, they are only stable is they have more neutrons. So stable light nuclei have typically equal amounts of neutrons and protons while stable heavier nuclei have more neutrons than protons.
One way to think about this is: you can put together any number of neutrons and protons in a small space the size of a nucleus. But if there are too many protons compared to neutrons, they will blow apart. Only if you have the right mix will the combination be a stable nucleus.
One interesting issue is that the strong force shows regularities that lead to “closed shells”. For particular numbers of neutrons and protons, the nucleus will be a bit more strongly bound than expected. This is analogous to the noble gases. Closed shells of electrons are a bit more tightly bound than expected and therefore don’t pick up or give up electrons easily so they don’t interact chemically. There have been some theoretical calculations that suggest that there might be an “island of stability” of nuclei up around 126 protons and that perhaps there might be unknown stable elements that are essentially impossible to make in stellar explosions, but that we might be able to create in nuclear accelerators.