Question

Explain how does the oh group attached to a carbon of benzene ring activate it towards electrophilic

Answer 1

Explain how does the -OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring activate it towards electrophilic substitution? ... Thus, it increases the electron density in the benzene ring as shown in the given resonance structure of phenol. As a result, the benzene ring is activated towards electrophilicsubstitution.

Answer 2

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As a result of + R effect of the — OH group, the electron density in the benzene ring increases and thereby facilitating the attack of the electrophile.

Hence, presence of — OH group activate the benzene ring towards electrophile substitution reaction. Thus, because the — OH group is an activating group, these reactions occur at a faster rate than reactions of benzene itself.

The — OH group is ortho-para directing and therefore, incoming group comes at ortho or para position. This is due to the reasons that because of electronic effects caused by — OH group, the ortho and para position become electron rich.