Question

Explain how does the oh group attached to a carbon of benzene ringactivate it towards electrophilic substitution

Answer 1

the OH group is an electron donating group. Thus it increases the electron density in the benzene ring. As a result,the benzene ring is activated towards electrophilic substitution

Answer 2

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As a result of + R effect of the — OH group, the electron density in the benzene ring increases and thereby facilitating the attack of the electrophile.

Hence, presence of — OH group activate the benzene ring towards electrophile substitution reaction. Thus, because the — OH group is an activating group, these reactions occur at a faster rate than reactions of benzene itself.

The — OH group is ortho-para directing and therefore, incoming group comes at ortho or para position. This is due to the reasons that because of electronic effects caused by — OH group, the ortho and para position become electron rich.