Question

Explain how in ancient time a day and a month was measured 

Answer 1

The time between one sunrise and the next was called a day. Similarly, a month was measured from one new moon to the next. A year was fixed as the time taken by the earth to complete one revolution of the sun.

Apart from the general ways of predicting time through repetitive events, our ancestors also built edifices that measured passing moments. These were famously called as Sundials. The sundials had points engraved in them which would calculate the day timings with the movement of sun and moon. Other objects like water clocks and sand clocks were also famous ways of measuring it. These devices could be found in abundant designs and were magnificently accurate for measuring moments.

Answer 2

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Explanation:

Natural Events

The earliest natural events to be recognised were in the heavens, but during the course of the year there were many other events that indicated significant changes in the environment. Seasonal winds and rains, the flooding of rivers, the flowering of trees and plants, and the breeding cycles or migration of animals and birds, all led to natural divisions of the year, and further observation and local customs led to the recognition of the seasons.

[REFER TO THE ATTACHMENT.]

Measuring time by the Sun, the Moon and the Stars

As the sun moves across the sky, shadows change in direction and length, so a simple sundial can measure the length of a day. It was quickly noticed that the length of the day varies at different times of the year. The reasons for this difference were not discovered until after astronomers accepted the fact that the earth travels round the sun in an elliptic orbit, and that the earth's axis is tilted at about 26 degrees. This variation from a circular orbit leads to the Equation of Time (see 'Note 2' below) which allows us to work out the difference between 'clock' time and 'sundial time'.

[REFER TO THE ATTACHMENT.]

Hour Glasses or Sandglasses

As the technology of glass-blowing developed, from some time in the 14th century it became possible to make sandglasses. Originally, sandglasses were used as a measure for periods of time like the lamps or candles, but as clocks became more accurate they were used to calibrate sandglasses to measure specific periods of time, and to determine the duration of sermons, university lectures, and even periods of torture.

[REFER TO THE ATTACHMENT.]

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