Explain how modification in existing structures may result in formation of new species with the help of a suitable example. [LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION]
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Answer:
Evolution is the process of accumulation of adaptive changes in population’s genetic makeup through successive generations. Mutation in gene pool of population leads to introduction of new / altered traits. Now, natural selection acts on these traits and favor only those traits which makes the organism more adapted to the prevailing climatic conditions. It can be said that only those mutations which give survival and reproductive advantage to organisms are favored by natural selection. Increased number of organisms having these favored traits leads to evolution of species with time. Evolution is not related to complexity of body structure. It is not acceptable to say that all complex organisms are more evolved and all simpler organisms are less evolved. Dinosaurs were much more complex organisms which got disappear followed by appearance of birds on earth (organism with less complex body structure as compared to dinosaurs). Although bacteria are simpler organisms as compared to human but have evolved with time that enable them to withstand extremes of climatic conditions (thermophillic bacteria, halophiles etc) and to develop many adaptive traits to survive under harsh conditions (antibiotic resistance). Thus, evolutionary process does not prove the bacteria being less evolved organisms as compared to human.
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