Explain how rivers are polluted and suggest measures to control pollution of river
Answers
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Ques:-What are the steps taken to prevent river pollution.
Answer:-
1)Riparian Buffer
2)Treatment of sewage water and the industrial effluents should be done before releasing into water bodies.
3)Hot water should be cooled before release from the power plant.
4)Domestic cleaning in tanks, steams, and rivers which supply drinking water, should be prohibited.
5)Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides should be avoided.
6)Organic farming and efficient use of animal residue as fertilizers.
7)Water hyacinth (an aquatic weed) can purify water by taking some toxic materials and a number of heavy metals from water.
8)Oil spills in water can be cleaned with the help of bregoli- a by product of paper industry resembling saw dust, oil zapper, micro organisms.
We can prevent pollution in river water in many ways and some of them are as follows:
not discharging untreated sewage and other industrial waste water into rivers
not dumping solid wastes, garbage and medical wastes in river banks
not using river banks as open toilets
not disposing dead human bodies/animal carcasses in rivers
not quarrying sand in river beds which is a key factor in river bank stability and erosion of banks
not washing vehicles directly in the flowing river water
and in many other ways according to the life style of local people
River pollution can be controlled by:
Reducing agricultural run-off
Preventing or treating industrial discharges
Preventing or treating municipal sanitary sewage discharges
Preventing or treating municipal storm water discharges
Preventing or controlling resource recovery in river channels
Controlling shipping (ballast, swage) discharges
Controlling marina operations
Most fresh water pollution is caused by organic material. Humans bring organisms from one body of water to another causing aquatic plants and animals to die. Littering, sewage, food waste and farm effluent also cause under water plants and animals to die.
Some other kinds of water pollution are industrial waste, fertilisers, oil and warm water. If large amounts of fertiliser or farm waste drains into a river or lake, the algae uses these substances to grow rapidly, turning the water green. Chemical waste is sometimes discharged into lakes and rivers. Some of these pollutants include: cyanide, zinc, lead, copper, cadmium and mercury. If oil enters either a slow moving river or a lake, it causes the surface to turn rainbow colours which prevents oxygen from entering the water. Industry often uses water for cooling processes, sometimes discharging warm water back into rivers or lakes. Making the water warmer makes the level of dissolved oxygen lower.
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