Question

explain how the colonial administration in india depended on the pillars of civil service, army, police, and judiciary

Answer 1

Answer:

The India Civil Service was known as Imperial Civil Service under the British colonial rule in India. In the beginning, the British civil service was a part of a police state, and its major task was that of carrying out law and order functions.There was no code of conduct developed by any of the British-India provinces. The different provinces had different civil services.To make a clear distinction between the government officials from the army officials, the term civil service was used by the British government in undivided Punjab in the later part of the 18th century.The British government set up the Indian civil service in 1911, primarily with the objective of strengthening the British administration in the United Kingdom.​Under the East India Company administrators of their controlled territories were engaged. These became the Honourable East India Company Civil Servants (HEICS).

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Answer 2

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1. Cornwallis, who came to India as Governor General in 1786, was determined to purify the administration, but he realised that the Company’s servants would not give

honest and efficient service so long as they were notgiven adequate salaries.

2. He, therefore, enforced the rules against private trade and acceptance of presents and bribes by officials with strictness. At the same time, he raised the salaries of the

Company’s servants.

3. The directors fought hard to retain this lucrative and prized privilege and refused to surrender it even when their other economic and political privileges were taken away by Parliament. They lost it finally in 1853 when the Charter Act decreed that all recruits to the Civil Service were to be selected through a competitive examination. A special feature of the Indian Civil Service since the days of Cornwallis was the rigid and complete exclusion of Indians from it.

4. Lord Cornwallis that the police force became strong. In 1791, a superintendent of police for Calcutta was appointed and the cities were placed under the charge of kotwal. Darogas were in charge of thanas. The hereditary village policeman became the chowkidar.

5. in 1857, the strength of the army in India was 311,400 of whom 265,900 were Indians. Its officers were, however, exclusively British, at least since the days of Cornwallis. In 1856, only three Indians in the army received a salary of Rs 300 per month and the highest Indian officer was a subedar.

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