explain how the colonial administrative structure in India depended on the pillars of civil service , army, police, and judiciary
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Answer:
The British established four pillars on which Colonial administration structure was depend- civil services, army, police and judiciary. In civil services Lord Cornwallis separated the commercial and revenue administration. ... The British felt the need of a regular police force to maintain law and order.
1. Cornwallis, who came to India as Governor General in 1786, was determined to purify the administration, but he realised that the Company’s servants would not give
honest and efficient service so long as they were notgiven adequate salaries.
2. He, therefore, enforced the rules against private trade and acceptance of presents and bribes by officials with strictness. At the same time, he raised the salaries of the
Company’s servants.
3. The directors fought hard to retain this lucrative and prized privilege and refused to surrender it even when their other economic and political privileges were taken away by Parliament. They lost it finally in 1853 when the Charter Act decreed that all recruits to the Civil Service were to be selected through a competitive examination. A special feature of the Indian Civil Service since the days of Cornwallis was the rigid and complete exclusion of Indians from it.
4. Lord Cornwallis that the police force became strong. In 1791, a superintendent of police for Calcutta was appointed and the cities were placed under the charge of kotwal. Darogas were in charge of thanas. The hereditary village policeman became the chowkidar.
5. in 1857, the strength of the army in India was 311,400 of whom 265,900 were Indians. Its officers were, however, exclusively British, at least since the days of Cornwallis. In 1856, only three Indians in the army received a salary of Rs 300 per month and the highest Indian officer was a subedar.
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