Question

Explain how the following metal are obtained from their compound by the reduction process:-
1) metal M which is in the middle of the reactivity series.
2) metal N with is high up in the reactivity series.

Answer 1

1. Metal M would be found in its carbonate or sulphate form since it is found in the middle of the reactivity series. It is easier to extract a metal from its oxide form. Hence the carbonate or the sulphate is converted into the oxide. Sulphate is converted to oxide by roasting( heating in the presence of excess air) and carbonate is converted to oxide by calcination(heating in limited air). Once it is an oxide , it is reduced to its respective metal by using reducing agents like carbon.

2. Metal N is extracted by electrolytic reduction of its molten chloride . the metal would be deposited on the cathode  and chlorine gas would be liberated at the anode.

Answer 2

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★ The arrangement of metals in decreasing order of their reactivity in the form of a series is called the reactivity or reactivity series of the metals.

★ The most reactive metal is placed at the top of the list and least reactive metal is placed at the bottom of the list.

★ On the basis of reactivity, we can classify metals into the following categories :

1) High reactivity metals

2) Moderately reactive metals

3) Less reactive metals

1) Extraction of High reactivity metals :

✯ The metals which are placed at the top of the reactivity series are very reactive.

✯ They are never found in nature as free elements, e. g., sodium, potassium, calcium and aluminium.

✯ These metals are obtained by electrolytic reduction.

2) Extraction of Moderately reactive metals :

✯ The metals in the middle of reactivity series such as iron, zinc, lead, copper are moderately reactive.

✯ These elements are present as sulphides or carbonates in nature.

✯ Generally metals are obtained from their oxides as compared to their sulphides and carbonates.

3) Extraction of Less reactive metals :

✯ The metals which are placed at the bottom of the reactivity series are least reactive.

✯ They occur in free state, e. g., gold, silver and copper.

✯ Copper and silver are also found in the combined state as sulphide and oxide ores.

✯ These metals are obtained from their ores by just heating the ores in air.

Hope it helps!

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