Question

Explain how the separation of the following mixtures is carried out:
a. Mixture of alum from impure samples
b. Components of blood and urine
c. Mixture of iron filings, sand and husk
d. Mixture of sand, water and salt​

Answer 1

Answer:

a) Alum can be separated from impure samples by the method of Crystallisation. This method is based on the difference in the solubility of the compound and the impurities in a suitable solvent. ... When this saturated solution is cooled , crystals of pure alum will be separated out.

b) In centrifugation, the mixture is spun at high speed and the denser particles are forced to the bottom and lighter stay at the top. This method is used in diagnostic laboratories for blood and urine tests.

c) Iron is magnetic and the other two not, which means a magnet could be used to attract the iron filings out of the mixture, leaving the salt and sand. Salt is water soluble, while sand is not. This means the two can be mixed in water and stirred. The salt will dissolve and the sand will not.

d) It is easy to separate sand and water by filtering the mixture. Salt can be separated from a solution through evaporation. The water can also be recovered as well as the salt if the water vapour is trapped and cooled to condense the water vapour back into a liquid. This process is called distillation.

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