Explain Human activities responsible for diminishment of ecosystem
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Ecosystem goods and services (EGS) are fundamental to human activity. Farmers, foresters, fishers and many others harvest nature’s bounty, while others make a living transforming and selling these goods. Ecosystem services provide social and health benefits such as education or recreation opportunities—for example, the enjoyment that we get from taking a walk in the woods or parks. Natural ecosystem structures and functions produce goods and services that benefit people—ecosystems produce the air we breathe, filter the water we drink, and recycle the nutrients that allow all things to grow.
Impacts from human activity on land and in the water can influence ecosystems profoundly. Climate change, ocean acidification, permafrost melting, habitat loss, eutrophication, stormwater runoff, air pollution, contaminants, and invasive species are among many problems facing ecosystems. The cumulative effects of these problems, as well as numerous other pressures, can have serious impacts on ecosystem functions and the provision of EGS. Understanding the contributions that these services make to the well-being of those who benefit from them—the beneficiaries—is important for informed decision-making. Similarly, information on the availability or degradation of EGS is needed to properly assess and design policy responses to address ecosystem conservation, restoration and sustainable use (Figure 1.1).
Figure 1.1: Measuring Ecosystem Goods and Services conceptual framework
Human Activity and the Environment 2013: Measuring ecosystem goods and services in Canada reports on the results achieved during a two year project to find and develop information on ecosystem goods and services. The report is organized as follows: Section 2: Ecosystem accounting reviews concepts relevant to the development of experimental ecosystem accounts and case studies presented in the report. Section 3: Ecosystems and their goods and services at the national level presents initial broad scale results. Section 4: Thousand Islands National Park case study brings together some of the concepts presented in previous sections, showing how ecosystem accounting can be used in local area case studies. Section 5: Moving forward—a research agenda highlights selected topics that could be developed further to provide a better account of the status and trends of ecosystems and their goods and services over time. Section 6: Appendices provides more detailed information on some of the above topics.
This report presents preliminary results from an interdepartmental project on Measuring Ecosystem Goods and Services (MEGS). The objective of MEGS was to scope out the requirements for producing and analyzing comprehensive statistics on ecosystems and their goods and services. The focus was to build the infrastructure, develop, test and apply classifications, quality measures and valuation methods to further the development of ecosystem accounts (
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