Question

Explain hund's rule and pauli exclusion principle with suitable example

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

Hund's rule: every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

For example :

The two electrons present in 2s will occupy the same orbital, whereas the two electrons present in 2p will be in different orbital (that means the electrons aligned in the same direction) in accordance with Hund's rule.

Pauli exclusion principle: The Pauli exclusion principle is the quantum mechanical principle which states that two or more identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously.

For example:

The exclusion principle asserts that every electron in an argon atom is in a unique state. The 2s level electrons have a different principal quantum number to those in the 1s orbital. The pair of 2s electrons differ from each other because they have opposite spins.

Answer 2

Answer:

Hund's Rule:-

• Hund’s rule states that every orbit should be singly filled before an electron is doubly filled.
• To maximize the total spin of the electron, all of the electrons in  have the same spin when  orbitals are singly occupied.
• Consider the electron configuration of oxygen: 1s²2s²2p⁴. To draw the orbital diagram: first two electrons will pair up in the 1s orbital; the next two electrons will pair up in the 2s orbital. That leaves 4 electrons which will be placed on 2p orbital. Now 2p has three p-orbitals ($p_x, \; p_y,\; p_z$). So firstly each p-orbital will be singly filled then one remaining electron will be placed in one 2p orbital. So two 2p orbital are singly filled and one 2p orbital will be doubly filled.  

Pauli exclusion principle:-

• According to this principle, the spin of both electrons present in same orbital cannot be same. It can be will be either positive half spin (+1/2) or negative half spin (-1/2).
• No two electrons can have same value of all four quantum numbers.
• For example, electron configuration of argon: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶. The 1s level has two electrons with the same n, l, and $m_l$ quantum numbers. The electrons in the 1s orbital of Ar will meet the exclusion principle because they have opposite spins so they have different $m_s$ or spin quantum numbers. One spin is +½ or spin up, the other is -½ or spin down.

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