explain improvement in commercialisation of agriculture?
Answers
Answer:
Commercialization of agriculture is mainly a process of production of cash crops. A cash crop is simply a crop produced for sale. Agricultural commercialization can be defined as the 'proportion of agricultural production that is marketed' (Govereh et al., 1999).
Explanation:
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Answer:
By commercialisation of agriculture we mean production of agricultural crops for sale in the market, rather than for family consumption.
For marketization of agricultural products thus ‘surplus’ of production over consumption is required.
But agriculture at that time was merely of the subsistence type. It had not been a consequence of conscious response of peasants to the market forces.
Thus, the concept of surplus was partly irrelevant. It was the social organisation but not entrepreneurial role of the peasants that determined the marketed surplus. The decision to cultivate commercial crops was usually determined by the requirements of subsistence farming of peasants. Thus, commercial agriculture in India had not been the product of an “allocative efficiency of peasants”.
Production decision was entirely of peasants and profits (if any) from the marketed items were reaped by peasants. Under the impact of commercial revolution that began with the beginning of the Civil War (1861-1865) in North America, farmers’ products were brought into the sphere of both internal and international trade.
Farmers were forced to sell their producers to meet the revenue needs of the alien government as well as urban demand. Peasants had to cough up some surplus at least for the market since money had become indispensable to them. Thus commercialisation of agriculture was not a spontaneous one.
Commercialisation of Agriculture # Phases:
There were three major types of agricultural commercialisation in India. The first form of commercialisation was associated with plantation agriculture, especially tea plantation of the northern districts of Bengal. The second type of commercialisation came to be known as ‘subsistence commercialisation’ or the ‘jute phase’. Under this jute version of commercialisation, peasants in search of minimum subsistence level of living turned to intensive cash crops, mainly jute in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.