Question

Explain in brief.
1. What do you understand by community hygiene? What are the provisions to be made to ensure
community hygiene?
2. How do civic bodies carry out sewage treatment and garbage disposal?
3. What is recycling? How is it useful?
4. What is composting? What are biodegradable and nonbiodegradable substances? Give two
examples of each.​

Answer 1

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1) Science > Biology > Applied Biology > Human Health and Diseases > Community Hygiene. Some health measures can be undertaken only by the community as a whole. Community hygiene includes water source protection, proper disposal of solid waste and excreta, wastewater drainage, controlling animal rearing and market hygiene.

2)A typical sewage disposal system has 2 basic parts: Septic tank – which may also be accompanied by a treatment plant. Dispersal area - usually a series of underground pipes or chambers that evenly distribute the partially treated liquid into the ground for final treatment.

3)Recycling reduces the need for extracting (mining, quarrying and logging), refining and processing raw materials all of which create substantial air and water pollution. As recycling saves energy it also reduces greenhouse gas emissions, which helps to tackle climate change.

4) Examples of biodegradable substances are dead plants and animals, their waste, fruits, vegetables, flower, paper, etc., while non-biodegradable substances include chemicals, paints, plastic, rubber, toxic, plastic, metals, etc.

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Answer 2

Answer:

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Explanation:

1. Community hygiene includes water source protection, proper disposal of solid waste and excreta, wastewater drainage, controlling animal rearing and market hygiene.

2. Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from municipal wastewater, containing mainly household sewage plus some industrial wastewater. Physical, chemical, and biological processes are used to remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater (or treated effluent) that is safe enough for release into the environment. A by-product of sewage treatment is a semi-solid waste or slurry, called sewage sludge. The sludge has to undergo further treatment before being suitable for disposal or application to land.

3. Recycling helps protect the environment

Recycling helps protect the environmentRecycling reduces the need for extracting (mining, quarrying and logging), refining and processing raw materials all of which create substantial air and water pollution. As recycling saves energy it also reduces greenhouse gas emissions, which helps to tackle climate change.

4. Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed in a process called composting. This process recycles various organic materials otherwise regarded as waste products and produces a soil conditioner. Compost is rich in nutrients.

Biodegradable material contains food waste like vegetable and fruit peels, dead plants and animals, egg shells, chicken, garden waste paper materials, etc. Non-biodegradable things include of plastics, polystyrene, plastic, metals, and aluminum cans, toxic chemicals, paints, tyres, etc.

Examples of biodegradable substances are dead plants and animals, their waste, fruits, vegetables, flower, paper, etc., while non-biodegradable substances include chemicals, paints, plastic, rubber, toxic, plastic, metals, etc.

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