Question

Explain in brief different sources of systematic and Random errors?How these errors are corrected​

Answer 1

Answer

What is Systematic Error?

Systematic error (also called systematic bias) is consistent, repeatable error associated with faulty equipment or a flawed experiment design. These errors are usually caused by measuring instruments that are incorrectly calibrated or are used incorrectly. However, they can creep into your experiment from many sources, including:

• A worn out instrument. For example, a plastic tape measure becomes slightly stretched over the years, resulting in measurements that are slightly too high,
• An incorrectly calibrated or tared instrument, like a scale that doesn’t read zero when nothing is on it,
• A person consistently takes an incorrect measurement. For example, they might think the 3/4″ mark on a ruler is the 2/3″ mark.

What is Random Error?

Random error (also called unsystematic error, system noise or random variation) has no pattern. One minute your readings might be too small. The next they might be too large. You can’t predict random error and these errors are usually unavoidable.

• Random errors are (like the name suggests) completely random. They are unpredictable and can’t be replicated by repeating the experiment again.
• Systematic Errors produce consistent errors, either a fixed amount (like 1 lb) or a proportion (like 105% of the true value). If you repeat the experiment, you’ll get the same error.
• Systematic errors are consistently in the same direction (e.g. they are always 50 g, 1% or 99 mm too large or too small). In contrast, random errors produce different values in random directions. For example, you use a scale to weigh yourself and get 148 lbs, 153 lbs, and 132 lbs.

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