Question

Explain in brief the different Routes of drug administration with examples.

Answer 1

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Drug Administration

By Jennifer Le, PharmD, MAS, BCPS-ID, FIDSA, FCCP, FCSHP, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego

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Drugs are introduced into the body by several routes. They may be

Taken by mouth (orally)

Given by injection into a vein (intravenously, IV), into a muscle (intramuscularly, IM), into the space around the spinal cord (intrathecally), or beneath the skin (subcutaneously, sc)

Placed under the tongue (sublingually) or between the gums and cheek (buccally)

Inserted in the rectum (rectally) or vagina (vaginally)

Placed in the eye (by the ocular route) or the ear (by the otic route)

Sprayed into the nose and absorbed through the nasal membranes (nasally)

Breathed into the lungs, usually through the mouth (by inhalation) or mouth and nose (by nebulization)

Applied to the skin (cutaneously) for a local (topical) or bodywide (systemic) effect

Delivered through the skin by a patch (transdermally) for a systemic effect

Each route has specific purposes, advantages, and disadvantages.

Answer 2

drug administration, two basic and majority's step:-

1. intravenously (needles or syringes)
2. oraly (tablet or syrup)