Explain in brief the process of obtaining energy through oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids & proteins.
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OXIDATION THROUGH CARBOHYDRATES;
Oxidation of carbohydrates is carried out through three steps
A.GLYCOLYSIS
Process of glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm .A molecule of glucose is oxidised step by step in this process and two molecules of each i.e pyruvic acid,NADH2,ATPand water is formed
Pyruvic acid formed in this process is converted into the molecules of Acetyl - coenzyme A and two molecules of NADH2 and co2 are released
B.TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE
Both molecules of acetyl-coA enter the mitochondria.Cyclic chain of reactions called tricarboxylic acid cycle is operated on it in the mitochondria.Acetyl part of acetyl-coA is completely oxidized through this cyclical process and molecules CO2,H2O,NADH2,FADH2 are derived
C.ELECTRON TRANSFER CHAIN REACTION
Molecules of NADH2 and FADH2 take part in electron transfer chain reaction.3 molecules of ATP are obtained from NADH2 and 2 molecules of ATP are obtained from FADH2.Besides ATP ,molecules of water are also formed.Electron transfer chain reaction is operated in mitochondria only
OXIDATION OF LIPIDS;
Lipids are used as a source of energy when there are insufficient amount of carbohydrates present in the body
Lipids are converted into fatty acids
Fatty acids are converted into acetyl-coA which enters into krebs cycle and oxidation of fats takes place
OXIDATION OF PROTIENS:
Protiens are used as asouece of energy when there is insufficient amount of carbohydrates present in the body
Protiens are converted into amino acids
Amino acids is converted into acetyl-coA which takes part in krebs cycle and oxidation of protiens takes place
the above picture shows oxidation of lipids and protiens
the picture is easier to understand
