Explain in detail about electric generator. (structure, working and function).
#Class 10th ,CBSE Ch - magnetic effects of electric current.
◆ explain nicely , and dont copy answers from NET. no silly answers !
expecting nice answers.
Answers
• Here you go!
• As we already know that we're trying to develop electricity on a really large scale everyday so that the need for it can be fulfilled. In this aspect, an electric generator does a great job.
• Definition :- An electric generator is defined as that type of machine that converts motive power ( it can be a natural agent like steam or water) into electrical power in order to be used in an external circuit.
> Sources included are :- Gas turbines, water turbines or hand cranks. First of its kind was developed by Michael Faraday and was named Faraday disk in the year 1831.
• Structure :- The structure of one electric generator is a bit complicated as it works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Here are some of its parts :-
> Outer part called Frame is necessary for its structure.
> An Engine inside serves as a source mechanical energy.
> To keep it operational, there's a fuel system included.
> There's an alternator too which helps in production of electrical output from the mechanical outputs from the engine.
> A cooling system is available too that regulates heat level built up during time.
> To keep it all smooth and functional, there's a lubrication system too.
> To regulate the voltage output, there's a voltage regulator given.
> In some of the generators, there's a charger given too to keep the battery charged.
> Exhaust system for disposal of wastes.
> The control is handed to the Main control or control panel.
• Working :-
> The mechanical system inside the generator is supplied with mechanical energy which is turn forces the movements of electrical charges present in the wires of some windings through the external circuit.
> The electrical charges have a flow which can be induced by the movement of an electric conductor and this movement further starts to create a voltage difference between the two ends of the wire of the electrical conductor. This causes electrical charges to flow, thus creating electric current
• Felicitations
- Kaileena
It is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction . when a coil is rotated about an axis perpendicular to the direction of uniform magnetic field, an indused emf produced across it.
The AC generator consists of the following parts :
A rectangular coil ABCD consisting of a large number of turns wound over a soft iron core is called armature. the soft iron core is used to increase the magnetic flux.
it is a strong magnet having concave poles. the armature is rotated between the two poles of this magnet so that axis of armature is perpendicular to magnetic field lines. in a small AC generator the magnet is the permanent magnet but in Big AC generators it is an electromagnet.
the leads from the arms of armature AC connected to two slip rings S, which rotate with the loop .
the rings slide against stationery contacts called brushes . these brushes are made up of carbon. these brushes are connected to the output terminals p and q.
the working of AC generator can be understood with the help of various positions of the armature .
suppose at time 't' =0 , the plane of the loop is perpendicular to B . as the loop rotate from position t=0 to position t=T/2 , induced EMF changes from zero to maximum value and then becomes zero again, hence induced EMF is zero. as the loop moves from position t =T /2 to position t=T , the EMF again changes from zero to maximum value and then again becomes zero .
Thus the output of the AC generator varries sinusoidally with time . The induced EMF does not depend upon the shape of the loop but depends only upon area of the loop..