Explain in detail about the sultan and his nobles during the period of Delhi Sultanate.
Muhammad bin Tughlaq undertook several experiments during his reign. What was th
thoco? What were their results?
Answers
Explanation:
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1) Explain in detail about the sultan and his nobles during the period of Delhi Sultanate.
A. The Sultan was the most important person in the Sultanate. It was his duty, as chief army commander and chief justice, to defend the empire against external attack and to maintain internal law and order. His court consisted of the following:
(i) NOBILITY:
* The nobles are ranked as Khans, Maliks and Amirs - were given civil and military positions, to help the Sultan administer his empire. The Maliks, for example, catered 26 to the needs of the royal palace at their karkhanas or workshops.
* The nobles, or iqtadars, were given land grants or iqtas, instead of salaries. With the revenues collected from their lands, they helped to maintain the army.
(ii) OFFICIALS:
* Slaves formed part of the Sultan's court, as personal assistants or administrative officials.
* Other administrative officials were the wazir, who collected revenue and accounted for their expenditures; ariz-i-mumlalik, who looked after army equipment, recruitment and training; wakil-i-dar, who looked after security and sultan's household affairs; amir-i-hajib, or the master of ceremonies at the court, and the chief qazi or the head of the Justice Department.
2) Muhammad bin Tughlaq undertook several experiments during his reign. What was th
2) Muhammad bin Tughlaq undertook several experiments during his reign. What was ththoco? What were their results?
A. Muhammad-Bin-Tughlaq experimental nature motivated him towards taking many steps for the betterment of his empire. however though his projects were innovative, they lack prudence and thus failed. For example:
(i) He raised the taxes on the peasants to fund
his army during famine. This led peasants protest.
(ii) He issued bronze and copper currency which was considered similar in value to gold and silver coins. These new coins were forged leading to chaos in the economy. He was forced to withdraw the token currency.
(iii) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq decided to shift his capital to Daulatabad in the Deccan, renaming it as Devagiri. Many people did not survive the journey from Delhi to Devagiri putting an end to the operation.
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