Question

Explain in detail industrial development in india

Answer 1

Industries has been increased in the few last decades

• Due to globalisation, many industries improved their quality and thus become developed
• Many industries joint venture with the MNC's.
• Industries started exploring their business in foreign countries

Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

A large number of industries have been established in the post-independence India in private, public and joint sectors. There are a lot of industrial resources and raw materials available in India. Bhilai, Bokaro, Rourkela, Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Renukoot, etc., emerged as major centres during the first one and a half decades of independence.

However, later on, industrialisation at medium and small scale was taken up in all the states. The main sectors of indus­trialisation today are electronics, transport and telecommunication. Compared to advanced countries, there is very little industrialis­ation in India. About 10 per cent of the total workers are employed in the organised industrial sector. Both private and public sectors have grown side by side since independence.In 1948, it was decided to reserve right of control with the state over coal, steel, aviation, petroleum industries, etc. All other industries were open to private enterprises. In 1956, a resolution was passed under which private capital was allowed to enter into the reserved sectors of industry. A number of top-ranking industrialists were members of the Central Advisory Council and Development Council.

The state enterprises and public sector undertakings ran into heavy losses, and this put a question mark on the capabilities of the Indian State and its approaches in managing its own establishment. A debate started on private-public sector partnership and divide. The debated tilted in favour of the private sector.

Many of the government enterprises were handed over to private entrepreneurs and industrialists. Privatisation has entered in a selected way in offices and transport sector, including roads, railways and airways. ‘Contractualism’ is the new slogan today.

Large-scale industries started in the first fifteen years of planning in India. Rate of industrial growth was fluctuating between 2 to 12 per cent. However, we have observed a steady industrial progress after 1967. The enduring factors which have contributed to the growth are vast natural resources, economic surplus, large labour force, high urban concentration, concentration of surplus within a small social group, availability of trained personnel, a stable political structure, powerful means of state economic control, etc. Currently, the growth rate is around 8 per cent. Today, India is one of the top developing countries compared to the countries of Africa and South America.

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However, production of luxury goods, control of monopolies, sluggish rate of agricultural development, etc., have come as obstacles in industrial development. Despite these factors, investments in private sector have been increasing.

Collaborations with industrially advanced countries like the USA, UK, Russia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, etc., are a clear testimony of India’s industrial progress. A boost has been given to the development of small-scale industries too during various plans. India has today a global market. India and China are considered as the fast developing countries.